Q&A: How can advances in tissue clearing and optogenetics contribute to our understanding of normal and diseased biology?

Q&A: How can advances in tissue clearing and optogenetics contribute to our understanding of normal and diseased biology?

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Abstract Mammalian organs comprise a variety of cells that interact with each other and have distinct biological roles.Access to evaluate and perturb intact biological systems at the cellular and molecular levels is essential to fully understand their functioning in normal and Faber Cappa Victory 2.0 X A99 99cm Built In Ceiling Cooker Hood Extractor Remote diseased conditions, yet technical limitations have constrained most research to small pieces of tissue.Tissue clearing and optogenetics can help overcome this hurdle: tissue clearing affords optical interrogation of whole organs at the molecular level, and optogenetics enables the scalable control and measurement Produce Bags of cellular activity with light.In this Q&A, we delineate recent advances and practical challenges associated with these two techniques when applied body-wide.